The characterisation of minerals, rocks, ores and various geological materials can be implemented by a “state-of-the-art” combination of diffraction, microscopic and spectroscopic methods. Within the frame of this course the student learns the basic principles and methodology and how to process and evaluate data regarding XRD in bulk and microscale, optical microscopes, electron microscopes (SEM-EPMA, TEM), Synchrotron-based X-ray spectroscopies in bulk and microscale (micro-XANES/-EXAFS) using appropriate software packages.